What is a Photovoltaic Solar Panel and why is it Important to the Solar Industry?

Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels convert light into electricity. This is a technology that has gained attention from researchers and popularity with consumers because it meets many of the requirements of the growing solar energy field. PV modules combine solar cells in an array to maximize their production of energy from sunlight. Photons from sunlight excite the electrons from the cells into a higher energy state and create a flow of electricity. This technology creates a current of electricity directly from sunlight. The current electricity can be used to directly power equipment or to charge a battery for storage.

A PV panel is designed to allow exposure of the solar cells to sunlight while protecting them from environmental damage. There is usually a glass sheet that keeps the elements from damaging the cells. The cells are connected as PV modules that can be combined to meet the energy needs for specific situations. For example, a small application like a small solar cooker will only need one panel. But a combination of modules will be necessary if the end user wants to significantly reduce their dependence on fossil fuel.

The cost effectiveness of a PV panel is at the core of many research projects. This panel is effective and maintenance has improved significantly from older modules developed in the 1970's. However, the capital expenditure required currently continues to make the economic viability compared to fossil fuel consumption questionable for most consumers. As technology advances and costs are reduced, more and more people will turn to the use of solar energy to meet their needs. A photovoltaic solar panel is a reliable piece of equipment that will pay for itself eventually, but the up-front costs continue to scare off many people who would otherwise consider using solar energy.